Total population of Europe: About 750 million people (this figure includes the population of the European Union and non-member countries).
Total population of Russia: About 144 million people (estimates vary slightly depending on the source).
Total population of the USA: About 347 million people.
Total population of Africa: About 1.55 billion people.
Total population of Arabic-speaking countries: About 492 million people (this figure includes all countries where Arabic is an official or co-official language).
Total population of China: About 1.416 billion people (estimates vary slightly depending on the source).
Catholic Christians: About 1.3-1.4 billion people globally.
Orthodox Christians: About 260 million people globally.
Jews: About 15-16 million people globally.
Muslims: About 2 billion people globally.
Hindus: About 1.2 billion people globally.
Buddhist: About 500-535 million people globally.
Per capita GDP estimates (US dollars – recent data, usually 2023 or 2024/2025 estimates):
Europe: The average is about $37,560. However, this figure masks large differences between countries. For example, countries like Luxembourg, Ireland, and Switzerland have very high per capita GDP (over $80,000), while other European countries have significantly lower figures.
Russia: About $14,260. Estimates may vary slightly depending on the source.
USA: About $89,110. Again, estimates may vary slightly.
Africa: The regional average is about $1,930. As with Europe, there is a huge disparity between African countries. Some countries like Seychelles, Mauritius and Gabon have relatively higher GDP per capita (over $15,000), while many others are below $2,000.
Arabic-speaking countries: The regional average is around $27,490. Again, there are notable differences. Countries like Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait have very high GDP per capita (even over $70,000), while countries like Yemen, Sudan and Comoros have much lower figures (under $5,000).
China: Around $13,690.
Important:
These figures are nominal GDP per capita (in current prices), unless otherwise stated. There are also PPP (purchasing power parity) GDP per capita figures, which take into account differences in the cost of living between countries and can provide a slightly different perspective.
Figures for “Europe” and “Arabic-speaking countries” are regional averages and do not reflect the wide economic variation within these groups.
Estimates may vary depending on the source and year of reference.
Europe: Overall, Europe is home to several significant military powers. The United Kingdom and France are considered leading military powers with nuclear capabilities and well-equipped militaries with experience in projecting force. Germany has a modern and growing military. Italy and Spain have respectable militaries. NATO plays a crucial role in ensuring collective security, with many European countries being important members. However, Europe’s aggregate military spending is lower than that of the United States and China.
Russia: Russia has one of the world’s largest militaries in terms of personnel and reserves, with a significant nuclear capability. It has a large defense industry and considerable military experience. However, its military spending, while high, is lower than that of the United States and China. Its global power projection capacity is more limited than that of the United States.
USA: The United States is generally considered the world’s leading military power in terms of spending, advanced technology, global power projection capabilities (due to a large network of bases and aircraft carriers), training, and logistics. It has by far the world’s largest defense budget.
Africa: Military power in Africa is highly diverse. Some countries such as Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa have relatively larger and better equipped militaries than others. However, overall, Africa’s aggregate military capacity is significantly lower than that of the other regions mentioned. There are several regional security challenges and internal conflicts in many parts of the continent.
Arabic-speaking countries: There is also considerable variation in this region. Some countries, particularly those in the Gulf such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, have invested heavily in modernizing their militaries with Western technology. Egypt and Algeria have large militaries. However, regional military cohesion is limited and there are different power dynamics and ongoing conflicts.
USA: The United States is widely regarded as the leading
China: China is rapidly modernizing and expanding its military, becoming an increasingly assertive global and regional military power. It has the world’s largest military in terms of active personnel and is investing significantly in new technologies, including aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines, and hypersonic weapons. Its defense spending is the second highest in the world.
For a more quantitative perspective, one can consult rankings such as the “Global Firepower Index” or the SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) military spending data, keeping in mind that these rankings and figures only give a part of the overall picture of military power.
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